Oct 08, · The unique talent of Mozart. Music of Bach and its influence on modern music. Why classic music stays popular through centuries. Common traits of people who love classical music. Symphonic music as an important tradition of the Classic age. Choosing a topic for your research paper, you can get a bit bolder and pick an unusual topic that Some common research paper topics include abortion, birth control, child abuse, gun control, history, climate change, social media, AI, global warming, health, science, and technology. But we have many more! On this page, we have hundreds of good research paper topics across a wide range of subject fields. Each of these topics could be used Jan 07, · The phrase “the Mozart effect” was coined in , but it is a study described two years later in the journal Nature that sparked real media
More Than Cool Music Research Paper Topics For Students
Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS, mozart research paper. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Mozart research paper Explorer.
In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Here, mozart research paper, we measured the influence that K had on intracranial interictal epileptiform discharges IEDs in sixteen subjects undergoing intracranial monitoring for refractory focal epilepsy. We found reduced IEDs during the original version of K after at least s of exposure.
Nonsignificant IED rate reductions were witnessed in all brain regions apart from the bilateral frontal cortices, where we observed increased frontal theta power during transitions from prolonged musical segments. All other presented musical stimuli were associated with nonsignificant IED alterations. Besides seizures and their associated comorbidities, persons with epilepsy experience interictal epileptiform discharges IEDs. IEDs arise from the brief, synchronous firing of neural populations that are typically involved with epileptic networks 2.
These IEDs are known epileptic biomarkers that are associated with seizure mozart research paper and impaired cognition 3456. Thus, mozart research paper, IED-related interventions may provide insight into novel therapies for epilepsy and its related comorbidities.
An IED-related intervention with accumulating evidence is the use of music as a noninvasive, non-pharmacologic form of neuromodulation 78. Later, Hughes et al. Following Hughes et al. Consequently, there is a general reluctance to fully accept this effect due to the unknown mechanism of K and to heterogeneous past findings that are likely linked with the use of different study protocols and inferior imaging modalities.
The latter limitation is noteworthy, as scalp-EEG is much less sensitive for quantifying epilepsy-related outcomes, especially interictal events 20 Our mozart research paper work demonstrated that 40 Hz auditory stimulation could reduce IEDs in subjects with refractory epilepsy and high baseline IED rates This was followed by observations of improved disease states e.
Mozart research paper et al. A major pitfall to this noninvasive intervention is mozart research paper while the 40 Hz tone could effectively reduce IEDs in mozart research paper epilepsy, it was not especially pleasant to listen to for a prolonged time, mozart research paper. We also examined if preferred music and music with enhanced gamma frequencies i, mozart research paper.
This is based on the theory that emotional responses result from positive reward prediction errors Further, we expected this effect would extend to regions outside of the primary auditory pathways, owing to past observations of music and its involvement with higher order systems e.
An automated template-matching interictal epileptiform discharge detector was utilized to calculate subject-specific IED rates Fig. We recruited 16 neurosurgical subjects undergoing clinical monitoring for refractory epilepsy to participate in sessions of a music task Fig.
Subjects in Group 15 had a mean age of Group 15 subjects had Subjects in Group 90 had a mean age of Group 90 subjects had 38 SD Subjects from both groups performed 1. Other subject demographic and clinical characteristics are provided in Table 1. Automated spike detector pipeline. A template-matching IED detector first cross-correlated a ms triangular template with preprocessed Stereo-EEG, then normalized the cross-correlation by the median standard deviation from 1-s sliding windows.
The absolute value of the normalized cross-correlation mozart research paper then used to mark local peaks above a specified threshold as IEDs. Task structure and validation method. b Trials consisted of musical stimuli selected randomly without replacement, where a simultaneous attention mozart research paper was performed during the final s of each auditory stimulus. Together, these findings supported our use of the nested control periods as a reference in subsequent models.
After confirming that the control periods were similar between groups, we could more confidently compare interictal epileptiform responses to auditory stimuli. Reduced global IED rates are dependent on the duration of music exposure. a GEE models showed that the original version of K was the only stimulus effective at reducing IEDs with at least s of exposure. d All other musical stimuli presented to Group 90 showed nonsignificant IED reductions.
Bilateral frontal regions responded to K a Stereo-EEG electrodes aggregated across subjects. We investigated the association between segment boundaries and frontal activity, as this was the only region with significant IED effects.
All other powerbands and musical segment categories showed mozart research paper associations Fig. Repeating this procedure with the filtered version of K revealed a mozart research paper relationship between all powerbands and musical segment categories in the frontal cortex Supplementary Fig. S1 a ; this suggests that the broad structural mozart research paper of K are preserved but altering the frequency structure of the original composition attenuated neural responses.
Enhanced frontal theta activity during shifts from long musical segment boundaries. Mozart research paper other powerbands and musical segment categories showed nonsignificant associations.
ß values above zero reflect increased power, and ß values below zero reflect decreased power during a musical segment shift. In this study, we observed an association between noninvasive musical stimulation and reductions in intracranial interictal activity in persons with refractory epilepsy. We advance past findings by testing if there was a minimum length of exposure needed to elicit this therapeutic effect and if novel music alteration methods could enhance this phenomenon.
Although previous studies have investigated the role of K on interictal and ictal activity 91112mozart research paper, 1516181934our study further demonstrates this effect using intracranial Stereo-EEG implants in an adult population with refractory epilepsy.
We showed that the original version mozart research paper K could effectively reduce IED rates with exposures as short as s, mozart research paper. The For instance, Lin et al. Recently, Štillová et al.
This contrasts with previous work, which reported significant effects on seizure frequency in the post-treatment follow-up 34 For instance, Bodner et al. Nonsignificant observations for Group 15 also suggest a weaker neural response with transient exposures.
These findings reveal the importance of stimulus duration and encourage future work to determine the optimal duration of music for generating enduring therapeutic responses. This agrees with past observations that listening to music was associated with increased activation of prefrontal cortices 363738 Such as Mansouri et al. These current findings also agree with Rauscher et al, mozart research paper.
Our investigation revealed enhanced frontal theta power following shifts from longer musical segments i. These findings are concordant with past music research, which demonstrated that pleasant music was associated with increased frontal theta power 404142 Further evidence for the relationship between music and frontal emotion networks is provided by Tillmann et al. More specifically, the structural syntactic relations between musical events led to increased bilateral frontal activation, where greater activation was correlated with processing incoherent, mozart research paper, unexpected events In mozart research paper, Arjmand et al.
In conjunction with our current findings, this suggests that the generation of neural predictions about musical features may depend on both the duration of exposure and transitions from prolonged segments within the musical stimulus—as this may be driving enhanced mozart research paper of internal emotion networks regulated by frontal cortices.
This is supported by our findings of nonsignificant IED changes for musical pieces from the subject preferred genre. Additional support for this theory is provided by Hughes et al. In this study, Hughes et al. Our increase in frontal theta is comparable to their increase in frontal delta, whereby the slight difference in frequency may be associated with their use of scalp-EEG, which is inferior at detecting higher frequency components.
Era-related differences in EEG hardware, study protocols, subject populations, and analytical control i. Thus, despite similar broad structural components, the filtered version of K may have decreased emotional salience i. This is contrasted by the first 90 s of Wagner's Prelude to Act I of Lohengrinwhich has no recognizable melodies. This work was selected to control for the effect of melody-with-harmony versus harmony alone, mozart research paper.
Future work will focus on using additional musical controls to further identify components of K mozart research paper are essential for its therapeutic effect.
That is, we will focus on analyzing carefully curated musical controls that are specifically matched to certain features of K e. Several factors limit the implications of this current study. Our automated IED detection could introduce bias; however, it provided a means for objectively marking IEDs in light of the discordance between human reviewers 2.
We are also missing surgical outcome data and ASM blood levels, which may further bias IED-related findings. The relatively small number of Stereo-EEG subjects presents another limitation, which could be responsible for some of the non-significant results presented. However, our sample size was typical for most intracranial studies, which require fewer subjects due to significantly larger effects detectable with intracranial recordings.
Our study also provides the foundation and methodology for future multicenter studies that can recruit a larger number of subjects with refractory epilepsy.
We did not run the same experiment in all subjects, as we did not consider the importance of stimulus duration in our initial study, which would have been ideal. Nonetheless, mozart research paper, we provide evidence for internal representations of emotions through previously reported neural patterns.
That is, our findings were concordant with the literature in showing frontal activation following shifts in musical expectations, mozart research paper.
Our data suggest a strategy for the noninvasive modulation of intracranial interictal activity, which may alleviate IED-related comorbidities.
Sixteen subjects undergoing intracranial electroencephalographic monitoring for the clinical treatment of refractory focal epilepsy participated in this study Table 1. All subjects reported little to no previous musical training and limited exposure to classical music. The research protocol for this study was approved by the Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects CPHS : at Dartmouth College, mozart research paper, and informed consent was obtained from each subject.
All methods were carried out in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations of this ethics committee. Electrophysiological data were collected from depth electrodes implanted within the brain parenchyma to best localize epileptogenic regions.
Stereo-EEG macroelectrodes recorded electrophysiological data at sampling rates ranging from to Hz Natus Medical Inc, mozart research paper. Recording channels were excluded if the raw signal was greater than two standard deviations from the median value across channels to remove non-physiological artifacts or if channels were outside of co-registered brain regions, mozart research paper.
Stereo-EEG data were band-pass filtered from 1 to 50 Hz, re-referenced to an average referential montage, excluding the channels with artifacts, then resampled at Hz, mozart research paper.
Mozart - Allegro in D Major K.626b/16 (1773) (Manuscript Score)
, time: 1:44Best Music to Listen to while Studying and their Benefits - Vaughn College
Aug 02, · A research paper is just as its name suggests — a form of academic writing that necessitates the independent investigation of a specified topic and reports the unique results of that investigation. Suny Empire State College provides a great and exhaustive explanation of what a research paper is popular music. The present paper describes two experiments based on the Mozart Effect. Experiment 1 examined whether classical music had any benefits over pop music with regard to intellectual listening capacity. The hypothesis was that the subjects listening to Mozart right before a listening comprehension task would have significantly higher test The Mozart effect refers to the theory that listening to the music of Mozart may temporarily boost scores on one portion of an IQ test. Popular science versions of the theory make the claim that "listening to Mozart makes you smarter" or that early childhood exposure to classical music has a beneficial effect on mental development.. The original study from reported a short-term
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